Table 1 The common simulation parameters for the two cases
From: Holistic multiphysics simulation of climatic responses of cold region pavements
Symbol | value (unit) | Description |
|---|---|---|
\({\lambda }_{s}\) | 1.9[W/(m*K)] | Thermal conductivity of soil solid |
\({\lambda }_{w}\) | 0.58[W/(m*K)] | Thermal conductivity of soil water |
\({\lambda }_{i}\) | 2.23[W/(m*K)] | Thermal conductivity of soil ice |
\({\lambda }_{a}\) | 0.025[W/(m*K)] | Thermal conductivity of soil air |
\({\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}\) | 2e6[J/(m^3*K)] | Volumetric heat capacity of Solid |
\({\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{w}}\) | 4.2e6[J/(m^3*K)] | Volumetric heat capacity of Liquid |
\({\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{v}}\) | 1.2e3[J/(m^3*K)] | Volumetric heat capacity of Vapor |
\({\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}}\) | 1.935e6[J/(m^3*K)] | Volumetric heat capacity of Ice |
\({\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{f}}\) | 3.34e5[J/kg] | Latent heat of freezing |
\({\mathrm{L}}_{0}\) | 3.34e8[J/m^3] | Volumetric Latent heat of freezing |
\({\upgamma }_{0}\) | 71.89[g*s^-2] | Surface tension of soil water at 25 Celsius degrees |
\({\uprho }_{\mathrm{i}}\) | 931[kg/m^3] | Density of ice |
\({\uprho }_{\mathrm{w}}\) | 1000[kg/m^3] | Density of water |
\({\uprho }_{\mathrm{n}}\) | 2700[kg/m^3] | Density of soil solids |
g | 9.8[m*s^-2] | Gravitational acceleration |
\(\epsilon\) | 0.95 | Emission coefficient of pavement surface material |
\({\epsilon }_{a}\) | 0.95 | Absorption coefficient of pavement surface material |