Table 1 The primary properties of CNMs used for preparing cement composites

Diameter/thickness (nm)

0.4-2.0 (SWCNTs)^a

0.5-100

~1

~0.67

1.0-100 (MWCNTs)^a

Aspect ratio

1000-10,000

100-1000

600-600,000

1500-45,000

SSA^a (m²/g)

20-1315

100-1000

700-1500

2000-2600

Elastic modulus (GPa)

>1000

6-200

>1100

>300

Tensile strength (GPa)

50-200

400-600

~125

>112

Resistivity (Ω∙cm)

~10^-2

0.1

-

-

Thermal conductivity W/(m·K)

~6600

20-1950

-

-

Special applications

Electromagnetic protection [31, 44, 45].

Accelerating cement hydration [20, 24, 39, 46].