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Table 2 Mechanical properties of different metals under monotonic loading

From: Emerging steel frames with Fe-SMA U-shaped dampers for enhancing seismic resilience

Metal

E / GPa

fy /MPa

fu / MPa

εu / %

εf / %

Fe-SMA

180

248

695

59.21

63.44

Mild-carbon steel Q235

208

264

419

24.61

38.28

Low-yield-point steel LYP225

202

246

312

36.27

47.23

High-strength-steel Q690

218

879

917

6.87

10.54

  1. Note: E is the elastic modulus; fy is the nominal yield stress (σ0.2 for Fe-SMA); fu is the ultimate stress; εu is the strain corresponding to ultimate stress; εf is the strain corresponding to the total-fracture