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Table 1 Variables considered in the illustrative example

From: Probabilistic analysis of climate change impact on chloride-induced deterioration of reinforced concrete considering Nordic climate

Variable

Unit

Distribution

Mean

Standard deviation

Equation(s)

Reference

\(x\)

\([mm]\)

Normal

50.0

6.0

(1, 5, 10, 15)

[65]

\({\delta }_{{t}_{i}}\)

\([-]\)

Lognormal

1.0

0.05

(1)

[51]

\({k}_{e}\)

\([-]\)

Gamma

0.676

0.114

(1)

[51]

\({k}_{c}\)

\([-]\)

Beta

0.8

0.1

(1)

[51]

\({k}_{t}\)

\([-]\)

Normal

0.832

0.024

(1)

[51]

\({t}_{0}\)

\([days]\)

Deterministic

28

-

(1)

[51]

\({n}_{cl}\)

\([-]\)

Beta

0.362

0.245

(1)

[51]

\({C}_{cr}\)

\([\% wt br]\)

Normal

0.9

0.15

(1, 9)

[51]

\({A}_{cs}\)a

\([\% wt br]\)

Normal

2.565

0.356

-

[51]

\({\varepsilon }_{cs}\)a

\([\% wt br]\)

Normal

0

0.405

-

[51]

\({D}_{c,ref}\)

\([\frac{{mm}^{2}}{year}]\)

Normal

473

47.3

(2)

[64]

\({\delta }_{{i}_{corr}}\)

\([-]\)

Weibull

1.355

0.775

(5)

[24]

\(\frac{w}{c}\)

\([-]\)

Lognormal

0.5

0.05

(5)

[51, 66]

\({d}_{r,0}\)

\([mm]\)

Normal

25.4

1.016

(10, 15–17, 19–22, 24, 26)

[44, 64]

\({f}_{ct}\)

\([MPa]\)

Normal

\(0.69\sqrt{{E(f}_{c})}\)c

\(0.138\sqrt{{E(f}_{c})}\)c

(10)

[52]

\({i}_{corr-20}\)

[\(\frac{\mu A}{{cm}^{2}}\)]

Lognormal

2.586

1.733

(12, 13)

[6]

\({i}_{corr(exp)}\)

[\(\frac{\mu A}{{cm}^{2}}\)]

Deterministic

100

-

(13)

[6]

\({\delta }_{{r}_{crack}}\)

\([-]\)

Normal

1.04

0.0936

(12)

[6]

\({f}_{t}\)

\([MPa]\)

Normal

\(0.53\sqrt{{E(f}_{c})}\)c

\(0.069\sqrt{{E(f}_{c})}\)c

(15)

[6]

\(R\)b

\([-]\)

Uniform

5.0

 ~ 0.577

(25)

[61]

\({f}_{y,0}\)

\([MPa]\)

Lognormal

490

49

(27)

[44]

\({\delta }_{{Q}_{cr}}\)

\([-]\)

Lognormal

0.005

0.0006

(27)

[65]

\({\delta }_{{M}_{R}}\)

\([-]\)

Normal

1.0

0.1

(29)

[65]

\(n\)

\([-]\)

Deterministic

9

-

(29)

[44]

\({K}_{{M}_{R}}\)

\([-]\)

Normal

0.6

0.03

(29)

[65]

\(d\)

\([mm]\)

Normal

710

14.2

(29)

[44]

\(b\)

\([mm]\)

Normal

350

7

(29)

[44]

\({f}_{c}\)

\([MPa]\)

Lognormal

26.2

4.716

(29)

[44]

\(G\)

\([\frac{kN}{m}]\)

Normal

21

2.1

(30)

[44]

\({Q}_{S}\)

\([\frac{kN}{m}]\)

Gamma

10.5

6.3

(30)

[44]

\({Q}_{E}\)

\([\frac{kN}{m}]\)

Gamma

6.65

4.389

(30)

[44]

\(L\)

\([mm]\)

Deterministic

10,000

-

(30)

[44]

  1. % wt br percent weight of binder
  2. a\({\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{cs}}\) and \({\upvarepsilon }_{\mathrm{cs}}\) are parameters used to calculate \({\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{s}}\) as follows: \({\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{s}}={\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{cs}}\cdot \mathrm{E}\left(\frac{\mathrm{w}}{\mathrm{c}}\right)+{\upvarepsilon }_{\mathrm{cs}}\) with \(\mathrm{E}\left(\cdot \right)\) representing the expected value
  3. b\(\mathrm{R}\) is represented by a uniform distribution with a lower limit of 4.0 and an upper limit of 6.0 [61]
  4. c\(\mathrm{E}\left(\cdot \right)\) represents the expected value