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Table 4 Improvement of CNMs to mechanical properties of cement-based materials cured at 28 days

From: Carbon-based nanomaterials engineered cement composites: a review

Matrix

CNMs types

(by weight of cement)

w/c

Increment in mechanical strengths

Ref.

Compressive

Flexural

Tensile

Paste

Graphene (0.05 wt%)

0.35

3-8%

15-24%

-

[138]

Paste

Graphene (0.025 wt%)

0.40

14.9%

23.6%

15.2

[139]

Paste

Graphene (2 wt%)

0.38

-33.3%

  

[140]

Paste

GO (0.05 wt%)

0.35

29.0%

-

-

[20]

Paste

GO (0.01 wt)

0.30

10.0%

15.6%

-

[79]

Paste

GO (0.03 wt)

0.30

20.1%

27.3%

-

Paste

GO (0.05 wt)

0.30

27.5%

30.7%

-

Paste

CNFs (0.1 wt%)

0.485

-

20%

-

[34]

Paste

CNTs (0.15 wt%)

0.40

14.3%

3%

-

[141]

Mortar

GO (0.022 wt%)

0.42

34.10%

30.37%

33.0%

[88]

Mortar

GO (0.1 wt%)

0.48

27.7%

-

-

[142]

Mortar

Graphene (0.05 wt%)

N.A.

8.3%

15.6%

 

[143]

Mortar

GO (0.15 wt%)

0.35

13.7%

14.5%

 

[94]

Mortar

GO (0.01 wt%)

0.37

13.4%

51.7%

47.0%

[80]

Mortar

GO (0.03 wt%)

0.37

38.9%

60.7%

78.6%

Mortar

GO (0.05 wt %)

0.37

47.9%

30.2%

35.8%

Mortar

CNTs (0.3 wt%)

0.40

-2.7%

-

-

[43]

Mortar

CNTs (0.5 wt%)

0.60

-1.8%

-

-

Mortar

CNFs (0.1 wt%)

0.485

6.15

-

-

[34]

Concrete

CNFs (0.30 wt%)

0.20

60.0%

10.1%

55.0%

[29]

Concrete

CNTs (0.002 wt%)

0.23

-1.1%

-

-

[28]

Concrete

CNTs (0.005 wt%)

0.23

5.5%

-

-

Concrete

CNTs (0.008 wt%)

0.23

-0.8%

-

-

Concrete

CNTs (0.01wt%)

0.23

-4.9%

-

-

Concrete

CNFs (0.1 wt%)

0.51

8.13%

-

-

[34]

Concrete

CNFs (0.10 wt%)

0.51

6.16%

-

-

[144]

Concrete

Graphene (0.30 wt%)

0.20

40%

59%

-

[125]

Concrete

Graphene (0.10 wt%)

0.16

62.25

9.25

-

[145]