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Table 4 Lower and upper bound strain values in this study

From: Permafrost thaw and ground settlement considering long-term climate impact in northern Alaska

Soil layer

Soil type

Lower bound thaw strain (%)

Upper bound thaw strain (%)

Surface condition

GW-GM

2.0

15.0

Surface condition

OL

10.0

40.0

Layer 1

ML

6.0

55.3

Layer 2

SM1

4.0

44.0

Layer 3

SM2

7.0

44.0

Layer 4

SM3

7.6

44.0