Table 2 Some identified application scenarios of VII system

Safety

Cooperative-ITS platform: advance warning of hazardous road situations (to vehicle drivers)

Padarthy and Heyns [23]

V2X applications for roadway safety and vehicle safety

Abboud et al. [30]; FHWA [64]

Intersection collision warning, emergency vehicle pre-emption, work zone alerts, curve speed warning, railroad crossing violation warning

Barbaresso and Johnson [65]

In-vehicle signage, oversize vehicle warning, red-light or stop-sign violation warning, reduced speed zone warning/lane closure, restricted lane warning, spot weather impact warning

Iteris [66]

Cooperative collision avoidance

Chowdhury et al. [67]; Wang and Li [68]

Blind spot warning and lane change warning

Theriot et al. [69]; Howe et al. [70]

ADAS functionalities

Liu et al. [71]

Pedestrian detection and warning

He and Zeng [72]

Deer crossing road detection: with multiple roadside LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors deployed to enable real-time, micro-level and high-resolution sensing of road users

Wu [6]

Mobility

Coordinated truck platooning

Gungor and Al-Qadi [73]; Gungor and Al-Qadi [73]

Traffic management and sustainable travel

Li et al. [76]; Gopalakrishna, et al. [77]; Iteris [8]

Advanced traveler information system, corridor management, transit vehicle priority, and multimodal intelligent traffic signal system

Barbaresso and Johnson [65]

V2X applications for vehicle traffic optimization

Abboud et al. [30]

Incident detection and response; traffic queue or bottleneck detection; traffic network flow optimization

Khazraeian [78]; Chowdhury et al. [67]

Emergency vehicle priority

Head [79]

Adaptive signal control

Yao et al. [80]

Cooperative adaptive cruise control

Huang et al. [81]

Dynamic routing support

Genders and Razavi [82]

Smart DMS, routing support and data-driven apps for freight carriers, transit vehicles and emergency responders

Iteris [66]; Akin et al. [83]

Road weather

V2X applications for motorist advisories and warnings, information for maintenance and fleet management systems, and MDSS

Barbaresso and Johnson [65]; Young et al. [84]; FHWA [64]

Agency Data

V2I applications for probe-based traffic monitoring, probe-based pavement condition monitoring, and performance measures

Barbaresso and Johnson [65]; FHWA [9]; Li et al. [85, 86]

Other

V2X applications for passenger infotainment (via in-vehicle Internet access) and car manufacturer services (e.g., point-of-interest notification and remote vehicle diagnostics).

Abboud et al. [30]

Value-added services by commercial application developers

Chapman and Drobot [10]